Communism is a social The term Social refers to a characteristic of living organisms . It always refers to the interaction of organisms with other organisms and to their collective co-existence, irrespective of whether they are aware of it or not, and irrespective of whether the interaction is voluntary or involuntary structure and political ideology This is a list of political ideologies. Many political parties base their political action and election program on an ideology. In social studies, a political ideology is a certain ethical set of ideals, principles, doctrines, myths or symbols of a social movement, institution, class, or large group that explains how society should work, and in which property Property is any physical or intangible entity that is owned by a person or jointly by a group of persons. Depending on the nature of the property, an owner of property has the right to consume, sell, rent, mortgage, transfer, exchange or destroy their property, and/or to exclude others from doing these things. Important widely-recognized types of is commonly controlled.[1] Communism (written with a capital C) is a modern political movement that aims to overthrow capitalism Capitalism is an economic and social system in which capital, the non-labor factors of production , is privately owned;[citation needed] labor, goods and capital are traded in markets; and profits distributed to owners or invested in technologies and industries via revolution to create a classless Classless society refers to a society which lacks social class – distinctions of wealth, income, education, culture, or social network society where all goods are publicly owned. [1] Karl Marx Karl Heinrich Marx was a German philosopher, political economist, historian, political theorist, sociologist, communist, and revolutionary, whose ideas are credited as the foundation of modern communism. Marx summarized his approach in the first line of chapter one of The Communist Manifesto, published in 1848: "The history of all hitherto posited that communism would be the final stage in human society Society or human society is the manner or condition in which the members of a community live together for their mutual benefit. By extension, society denotes the people of a region or country, sometimes even the world, taken as a whole. Used in the sense of an association, a society is a body of individuals outlined by the bounds of functional, which would be achieved through a proletarian revolution A proletarian revolution is a social and/or political revolution in which the working class attempts to overthrow the bourgeoisie. Proletarian revolutions are generally advocated by socialists — particularly those of the communist variety and only becoming possible after a socialist stage develops the productive forces, leading to a superabundance of goods and services.[2][3]
"Pure communism" in the Marxian sense refers to a classless, stateless and oppression-free society where decisions on what to produce and what policies to pursue are made democratically Direct democracy, classically termed pure democracy, comprises a form of democracy and theory of civics wherein sovereignty is lodged in the assembly of all citizens who choose to participate. Depending on the particular system, this assembly might pass executive motions, make laws, elect or dismiss officials, and conduct trials. Direct democracy, allowing every member of society to participate in the decision-making process Decision making can be regarded as an outcome of mental processes leading to the selection of a course of action among several alternatives. Every decision making process produces a final choice. The output can be an action or an opinion of choice in both the political and economic spheres of life. In modern usage, communism is often used to refer to Bolshevism Bolsheviks, originally also Bolshevists (Russian: Большевик, Большевист Russian pronunciation: [bəlʲʂɨˈvʲik], derived from bolshe, "more") were a faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) which split apart from the Menshevik faction at the Second Party Congress in 1903 and ultimately or Marxism-Leninism Marxism–Leninism is a communist ideological stream that emerged as the mainstream tendency among the Communist parties in the 1920s as it was adopted as the ideological foundation of the Communist International during Stalin's era and the policies of the various communist states A communist state is a sovereign state with a form of government characterized by single-party rule[citation needed] of a communist party and a professed allegiance to a communist ideology as the guiding principle of the state which had government ownership of all the means of production and centrally planned economies Planned economy or directed economy is an economic system in which the state or workers' councils manage the economy. It is an economic system in which the central government makes all decisions on the production and consumption of goods and services. Its most extensive form is referred to as a command economy, centrally planned economy, or. Communist regimes have historically been authoritarian, repressive, and coercive governments concerned primarily with preserving their own power.
As a political ideology, communism is usually considered to be a branch of socialism Socialism refers to various theories of economic organization advocating public or direct worker ownership and administration of the means of production and allocation of resources, and a society characterized by equal access to resources for all individuals with a method of compensation based on the amount of labor expended; a broad group of economic and political philosophies Political philosophy is the study of city, government, politics, liberty, justice, property, rights, law, and the enforcement of a legal code by authority: what they are, why they are needed, what makes a government legitimate, what rights and freedoms it should protect and why, what form it should take and why, what the law is, and what duties that draw on the various political and intellectual movements with origins in the work of theorists of the Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution was a period from the 18th to the 19th century where major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, and transport had a profound effect on the socioeconomic and cultural conditions starting in the United Kingdom, then subsequently spreading throughout Europe, North America, and eventually the world. The onset of the and the French Revolution The French Revolution was a period of political and social upheaval and radical change in the history of France, during which the French governmental structure, previously an absolute monarchy with feudal privileges for the aristocracy and Catholic clergy, underwent radical change to forms based on Enlightenment principles of citizenship and.[4] Communism attempts to offer an alternative to the problems with the Capitalist Capitalism is an economic and social system in which capital, the non-labor factors of production , is privately owned;[citation needed] labor, goods and capital are traded in markets; and profits distributed to owners or invested in technologies and industries market economy A market economy is economy based on the division of labor in which the prices of goods and services are determined in a free price system set by supply and demand and the legacy of imperialism Imperialism is considered the control by one state of other territories. Through political or more often military means , the imperial power may take over the government of a particular territory, or through economic processes (indirect imperialism), in which the concerned region is officially self-governing but linked to the imperial power by ( and nationalism Nationalism generally involves the identification of an ethnic identity with a state. The subject can include the belief that one's nation is of primary importance. It is also used to describe a movement to establish or protect a homeland for an ethnic group. In some cases the identification of a homogeneous national culture is combined with a.
Marx states that the only way to solve these problems is for the working class (proletariat), who according to Marx are the main producers of wealth in society and are exploited by the Capitalist-class (bourgeoisie In sociology and political science, bourgeoisie describes a range of groups across history. In the Westren world, between the late medieval to early modern period, the bourgeoisie were a social class of people, characterized by their ownership of capital and their related culture. They were a part of the middle or merchant classes, and derived), to replace the bourgeoisie as the ruling class in order to establish a free society In a free society, individuals would organize in voluntary associations, including free market and communist societies. In a free society, individuals would gain more prosperity, of non-aggression principle, without class or racial divisions.[1] The dominant forms of communism, such as Leninism Leninism is the theory and practice of the dictatorship of the proletariat, led by a revolutionary vanguard party. Theoretically, Leninism comprises the political and socialist economic theories of Vladimir Lenin, developed from Marxism, and his interpretations of Marxist theory, to fit the agrarian Russian Empire of that time, Leninism reversed, Stalinism Stalinism is a term that refers to a "theory and practice of communism" utilised in the political system associated with Joseph Stalin, leader of the Soviet Union from 1928–1953. The term refers to a form of government which was inherently oppressive with extensive government spying, extrajudicial punishment, and political ", Maoism Maoism, variably and officially known as Mao Zedong Thought , is a variant of Marxism derived from the teachings of the late Chinese leader Mao Zedong (Wade-Giles Romanization: "Mao Tse-tung"), widely applied as the political and military guiding ideology in the Communist Party of China (CPC) from Mao's ascendancy to its leadership until and Trotskyism Trotskyism is the theory of Marxism as advocated by Leon Trotsky. Trotsky considered himself an orthodox Marxist and Bolshevik-Leninist, arguing for the establishment of a vanguard party. His politics differed sharply from Stalinism, mainly in opposing socialism in one country which he claimed was a break with proletarian internationalism, and are based on Marxism Marxism is a particular political philosophy, economic and sociological worldview based upon a materialist interpretation of history, a Marxist analysis of capitalism, a theory of social change, and an atheist view of human liberation derived from the work of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. The three primary aspects of Marxism are:, but non-Marxist versions of communism (such as Christian communism Christian communism is a form of religious communism based on Christianity. It is a theological and political theory based upon the view that the teachings of Jesus Christ compel Christians to support communism as the ideal social system. Although there is no universal agreement on the exact date when Christian communism was founded, many and anarcho-communism Anarchist communism is a theory of anarchism which advocates the abolition of the state, private property, and capitalism in favor of common ownership of the means of production, direct or consensus democracy and a horizontal network of voluntary associations, workers' councils, and a gift economy through which everyone will be free to satisfy) also exist.
Karl Marx never provided a detailed description as to how communism would function as an economic system, but it is understood that a communist economy would consist of common ownership of the means of production, culminating in the negation of the concept of private ownership Private property is the tangible and intangible things owned by individuals or firms over which their owners have exclusive and absolute legal rights, and can only be transferred with the owner's consent. Private property can take the form of real estate, homes, factories, automobiles, capital, patents and copyrights. It is distinguished from of capital, which referred to the means of production in Marxian terminology.
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Q. For communist people the Communist system never failed because it was actually never tried at all. All communist revolution established a State capitalism regime, which for Lenin was the first step to carry the society to the socialism and finally to the communism. my question is: Why those countries never moved along to socialism but all stopped to a State capitalism regime and they failed? >Officer Friendly: "Part of the problem is that it was forced" OK, and the other part of the problem? please!
Asked by Franko 84 - Mon Jan 26 02:01:24 2009 - - 4 Answers - 0 Comments
A. The apparatus for Socialism was never fully implemented in the Soviet Union, Lenin was unable to complete the transition and the rise of Stalin alienated the remaining intellectuals. Russia was ripe for revolution since the vast population was starving and struggling to survive under the Czarist system. Whether or not you agreed with the Soviet system, it prevented foreign governments from interfering with Russian internal affairs. It inevitably protected them from the Fascist scourge that rose to power in Europe. Had the Czar been in power during WWII, a hundred million Russians would have been exterminated and the Russian nation would have been extinguished. Instead they lost 25 million and survived.
Answered by S K Duncan - Mon Jan 26 02:29:36 2009
