Year 1819 (MDCCCXIX Roman numerals are numeral system of ancient Rome based on letters of the alphabet, which are combined to signify the sum of their values. The first ten Roman numerals are) was a common year starting on Friday This is the calendar for any common year starting on Friday . Examples: Gregorian years 1999, 2010 & 2021 or Julian years 1910 & 1899 (see bottom tables) (link will display the full calendar) in the Gregorian Calendar The Gregorian calendar is the internationally accepted civil calendar. It was introduced by Pope Gregory XIII, after whom the calendar was named, by a decree signed on 24 February 1582, a papal bull known by its opening words Inter gravissimas. The reformed calendar was adopted later that year by a handful of countries, with other countries (or a common year starting on Wednesday This is the calendar for any common year starting on Wednesday . Examples: Gregorian years 1997, 2003 and 2014 or Julian year 1903 (see bottom tables) of the 12-day slower Julian calendar The Julian calendar, a reform of the Roman calendar, was introduced by Julius Caesar in 46 BC, and came into force in 45 BC . It was chosen after consultation with the astronomer Sosigenes of Alexandria and was probably designed to approximate the tropical year, known at least since Hipparchus. It has a regular year of 365 days divided into 12).

Events of 1819

• January 2 January 2 is the second day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 363 days remaining until the end of the year – The Panic of 1819 The Panic of 1819 was the first major financial crisis in the United States, which occurred during the so-called "Era of Good Feelings". The new nation faced a depression in the late 1780s , and another severe economic downturn in the late 1790s following the Panic of 1797. In those earlier crises, however, the primary cause of economic (the first major financial crisis The term financial crisis is applied broadly to a variety of situations in which some financial institutions or assets suddenly lose a large part of their value. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, many financial crises were associated with banking panics, and many recessions coincided with these panics. Other situations that are often called in the United States ^ b. English is the de facto language of American government and the sole language spoken at home by 80% of Americans age five and older. Spanish is the second most commonly spoken language) begins.
• January 17 January 17 is the 17th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 348 days remaining until the end of the year – Simón Bolívar Simón José Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad Bolívar Palacios y Blanco, commonly known as Simón Bolívar was a South American political leader. Together with José de San Martín, he played a key role in Latin America's successful struggle for independence from Spain proclaims the Republic of Gran Colombia Gran Colombia is a name used today for the state that encompassed a great part of the territory of northern South America and part of southern Central America during the years 1819 to 1831. This short-lived republic encompassed the territories of present-day Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Panama. The first three were the successor states to.
• January 25 January 25 is the 25th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 340 days remaining until the end of the year – Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson was the third President of the United States (1801–1809) and the principal author of the Declaration of Independence (1776). Jefferson was one of the most influential Founding Fathers, known for his promotion of the ideals of republicanism in the United States. Jefferson envisioned America as the force behind a great " founds the University of Virginia The University of Virginia is a public research university located in Charlottesville, Virginia, founded by Thomas Jefferson. Conceived by 1800 and established in 1819, it is the only university in the United States to be designated a World Heritage Site by UNESCO, an honor it shares with nearby Monticello. The University of Virginia is one of the.
• January 29 January 29 is the 29th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 336 days remaining until the end of the year – Sir Stamford Raffles Sir Thomas Stamford Bingley Raffles was a British statesman, best known for his founding of the city of Singapore (now the city-state of the Republic of Singapore). He is often described as the "Father of Singapore". He was also heavily involved in the conquest of the Indonesian island of Java from Dutch and French military forces during lands on the island of Singapore Singapore, officially the Republic of Singapore, is an island country off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, 137 kilometres north of the equator, in the Southeast Asian region of the Asian continent. It is separated from Malaysia by the Straits of Johor to its north, and from Indonesia's Riau Islands by the Singapore Strait to its south. A.
• February 2 February 2 is the 33rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 332 days remaining until the end of the year – The Supreme Court under John Marshall John Marshall was an American jurist and statesman who shaped American constitutional law and made the Supreme Court a center of power. Marshall was Chief Justice of the United States, serving from January 31, 1801, until his death in 1835. He served in the United States House of Representatives from March 4, 1799, to June 7, 1800, and was rules in favor of Dartmouth College Dartmouth College is a private, coeducational liberal arts college located in Hanover, New Hampshire, USA. Incorporated as "Trustees of Dartmouth College," it is a member of the Ivy League and one of the nine Colonial Colleges founded before the American Revolution. In addition to its undergraduate liberal arts program, Dartmouth has in the famous Dartmouth College v. Woodward case, allowing Dartmouth to keep its charter and remain a private institution.
• February 6 February 6 is the 37th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 328 days remaining until the end of the year – A formal treaty between Hussein Shah of Johor and the British Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles Sir Thomas Stamford Bingley Raffles was an eminent British statesman, best known for his founding of the city of Singapore (now the city-state of the Republic of Singapore). He is known as the "Father of Singapore". He was also heavily involved in the conquest of the Indonesian island of Java from Dutch and French military forces during establishes a trading settlement in Singapore Singapore, officially the Republic of Singapore, is an island country off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, 137 kilometres north of the equator, in the Southeast Asian region of the Asian continent. It is separated from Malaysia by the Straits of Johor to its north, and from Indonesia's Riau Islands by the Singapore Strait to its south. A.
• February 15 February 15 is the 46th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 319 days remaining until the end of the year – The United States House of Representatives The United States House of Representatives, commonly referred to as the "House," is the lower house of the bicameral United States Congress, the upper house being the United States Senate agrees to the Tallmadge Amendment barring slaves from the new state of Missouri (the opening vote in a controversy that leads to the Missouri Compromise The Missouri Compromise was an agreement passed in 1820 between the pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions in the United States Congress, involving primarily the regulation of slavery in the western territories. It prohibited slavery in the former Louisiana Territory north of the parallel 36°30' north except within the boundaries of the proposed).
• February 22 February 22 is the 53rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 312 days remaining until the end of the year – Spain Spain (pronounced /ˈspeɪn/ spayn; Spanish: España, pronounced [esˈpaɲa] ( listen)), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de España), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.[note 6] Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for cedes Florida With an area of 65,758 square miles , it is ranked 22nd in size among the 50 U.S. states. Florida has the longest coastline in the Contiguous United States encompassing approximately 1,350 miles (2,170 km). The state has four large urban areas, a number of smaller industrial cities, and many small towns to the United States ^ b. English is the de facto language of American government and the sole language spoken at home by 80% of Americans age five and older. Spanish is the second most commonly spoken language (see Adams-Onís Treaty The Adams–Onís Treaty of 1819, also known as the Transcontinental Treaty of 1819, settled a border dispute in North America between the United States and Spain. The treaty was the result of increasing tensions between the U.S. and Spain regarding territorial rights at a time of weakened Spanish power in the New World. In addition to ceding).
• March 1 March 1 is the 60th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 305 days remaining until the end of the year – The U.S. ^ b. English is the de facto language of American government and the sole language spoken at home by 80% of Americans age five and older. Spanish is the second most commonly spoken language naval vessel USS Columbus is launched in Washington, DC.
• March 6 March 6 is the 65th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 300 days remaining until the end of the year – McCulloch v. Maryland McCulloch v. Maryland, 17 U.S. 316 , was a landmark decision by the Supreme Court of the United States. The state of Maryland had attempted to impede operation of a branch of the Second Bank of the United States by imposing a tax on all notes of banks not chartered in Maryland. Though the law, by its language, was generally applicable to all banks: The U.S. Supreme Court Clerks · Reporter of Decisions rules that the Bank of the United States The Second Bank of the United States was chartered in 1816, five years after the First Bank of the United States lost its own charter. The Second Bank of the United States was initially headquartered in Carpenters' Hall, Philadelphia, the same as the First Bank, and had branches throughout the nation is constitutional.
• March 20 March 20 is the 79th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 286 days remaining until the end of the year – Burlington Arcade The Burlington Arcade is a covered shopping arcade in London that runs behind Bond Street from Piccadilly through to Burlington Gardens. It is one of the precursors of the mid-19th century European shopping gallery and the modern shopping centre. The Burlington Arcade was built "for the sale of jewellery and fancy articles of fashionable opens in London.
• May 22 May 22 is the 142nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 223 days remaining until the end of the year – The SS Savannah leaves port at Savannah, Georgia Savannah is the largest city in, and the county seat of, Chatham County, in the U.S. state of Georgia. The city of Savannah was established in 1733 and was the colonial capital of the Province of Georgia and later the first state capital of Georgia on a voyage to become the first steamship A steamboat or steamship, sometimes called a steamer, is a ship in which the primary method of propulsion is steam power, typically driving propellers or paddlewheels to cross the Atlantic Ocean The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's oceanic divisions. With a total area of about 106,400,000 square kilometres , it covers approximately twenty percent of the Earth's surface and about twenty-six percent of its water surface area. The first part of its name refers to the Atlas of Greek mythology, making the Atlantic the ". The ship arrives at Liverpool, England Liverpool is a city and metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England, along the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary. It was founded as a borough in 1207 and was granted city status in 1880. Liverpool has a population of 435,500, and lies at the centre of the wider Liverpool Urban Area, which has a population of 816,216 on June 20 June 20 is the 171st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 194 days remaining until the end of the year.
• August 6 August 6 is the 218th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 147 days remaining until the end of the year – Norwich University Norwich University is a private university located in Northfield, Vermont (USA). The University was founded in 1819 at Norwich, Vermont, as the American Literary, Scientific and Military Academy. It is the oldest private military college in the United States, the oldest of six Senior Military Colleges, and is recognized by the United States is founded by Captain Alden Partridge in Vermont Originally inhabited by Native American tribes , much of the territory that is now Vermont was claimed by France but became a British possession after France's defeat in the French and Indian War. For many years, the surrounding colonies disputed control of the area (referred to at the time as the New Hampshire Grants) especially New Hampshire and as the first private military school in the United States ^ b. English is the de facto language of American government and the sole language spoken at home by 80% of Americans age five and older. Spanish is the second most commonly spoken language.
• August 7 – Battle of Boyacá: Simón Bolívar is victorious over the Royalist Army in Colombia.
• August 16 – Peterloo Massacre: The cavalry charges into a crowd of protesters in Manchester, UK, resulting in 11 deaths and over 400 injuries.
• September 20 – The Carlsbad Decree is issued throughout the German Confederation.
• December 14 – Alabama is admitted as the 22nd U.S. state.

Undated

• The 'Ai Noa Movement takes power in Hawaii.
• Serfdom is abolished in Livonia.
• The city of Fernandina of Jagua (later Cienfuegos City) is founded in Cuba.
• By terms of the Adams-Onís Treaty, Spain ceded Florida to the United States in exchange for the American renunciation of any claims on Texas that they might have from the Louisiana Purchase and $5 million.

Births

January–June

• January 6 – Baldassare Verazzi, Italian painter (d. 1886)
• February 8 – John Ruskin, English writer, artist, and social critic (d. 1900)
• February 11 – Samuel Parkman Tuckerman, American composer (d. 1890)
• February 14 – Joshua A. Norton, self-proclaimed "Emperor of these United States" (d. 1880)
• February 20 – Alfred Escher, Swiss politician, railroad entrepreneur (d. 1882)
• February 22 – James Russell Lowell, American poet and essayist (d. 1891)
• March 3 – Gustave de Molinari, Belgian economist (d. 1912)
• March 14 – Erik Edlund, Swedish physicist and meteorologist (d. 1888)
• March 31 – Prince Chlodwig zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst, Chancellor of Germany (d. 1901)
• April 4 – Queen Maria II of Portugal (d. 1853)
• April 9 – Annibale de Gasparis, Italian astronomer (d. 1892)
• April 11 – Charles Hallé, German pianist and conductor (d. 1895)
• April 18 – Franz von Suppé, Austrian composer (d. 1895)
• April 28 – Ezra Abbot, American Biblical scholar (d. 1884)
• May 5 – Stanisław Moniuszko, Polish composer (d. 1872)
• May 24 – Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom (d. 1901)
• May 27 – Julia Ward Howe, American abolitionist and poet (d. 1910)
• May 31 – Walt Whitman, American poet (d. 1892)
• June 5 – John Couch Adams, English astronomer (d. 1892)
• June 10 – Gustave Courbet, French painter (d. 1877)
• June 20 – Jacques Offenbach, German-born composer (d. 1880)
• June 29 – Nicolae Bălcescu, Wallachian revolutionary (d. 1852)

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